Fabrication of Alginate/Ozoile Gel Microspheres by Electrospray Process

Natural polymers, such as alginate and chitosan, are widely exploited for drug delivery applications due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and sustainable sourcing. In this study, pH-responsive gel microspheres were fabricated from an alginate/Ozoile emulsion. Ozoile (Stable Ozonides) is a biological inducer, derived from olive oil, which stimulates the endogenous defense system by promoting the repair of tissue damage and restoration of proper physiology through the regulation of gene transcription. Here, the versatile and cost-effective electrospray technique without the use of organic solvents was used to fabricate alginate/Ozoile microspheres with high throughput. The process parameters (voltage, flow rate, and needle gauge) were optimized to obtain microspheres with good sphericity factor and tailored diameter (250–700 μm). The microspheres were additionally optimized through a chitosan coating to enhance their stability and regulate the gel matrix’s degradation process. Morphological analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and degradation tests confirmed the structural integrity and pH-responsive behavior of the gel microspheres. This research offers a promising route for targeted drug delivery systems, particularly in applications related to the modulation of oxidative stress and management of inflammation.